Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 24
Filter
1.
Acta cir. bras ; 36(8): e360806, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1339008

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the biochemical, histological, histomorphometric and molecular effects of biliary duct ligation (BDL) induced liver cirrhosis in the heart and kidneys. Methods: Thirty-two weaning rats (21 days old, 50-70 g) underwent BDL and were divided in four groups (euthanasia after two, four, six, and eight weeks, respectively) and compared to control groups. Results: The animals' hearts of group 3 were bigger than those of the control group (p=0.042), including thinner right ventricle wall, decreased internal diameter of ventricles, and increased perivascular collagen deposition in left ventricle, as well as increased interstitial collagen in right ventricle after six weeks. In the kidneys of groups 3 and 4, bilirubin impregnation in the tubules, hydropic degeneration, loss of nuclei and lack of plasmatic membrane limits were noted. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene expressions were higher in group 1 (p=0.008), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene expressions were elevated in all experimental groups (p=0.008, p=0.001, p=0.022, and p=0.013, respectively). In the heart, a decreased expression of eNOS in group 1 (p=0.04) was observed. Conclusions: Liver cirrhosis leads to histological and histomorphometric alterations in the heart and kidneys, with changes in the NOS and eNOS gene expressions, that may suggest a role in the associated myocardial and renal manifestations.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Nitric Oxide Synthase , Liver Cirrhosis , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Disease Models, Animal , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III , Kidney
2.
Clinics ; 76: e2495, 2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153965

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Even students with previous academic success may face challenges that affect their academic performance. Many medical schools offer programs to students at the risk of academic failure, to ensure that they succeed in the course. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: In this report we describe a pioneering academic tutoring program developed at a Brazilian medical school and discuss the initial results of the program based on the feedback from tutors and data regarding the progression of students in the medical course. RESULTS: In 2018, 33 students enrolled into the program. Students' performance difficulties were mainly associated with mental health problems and socioeconomic vulnerability. Of the 33 students, 27 (81.8%) were assisted by the Mental Health Support Service and 16 (48.5%) were assisted by the Social Assistance Service. In addition to the planning academic activity class load, tutors were able to assist students in solving socioeconomic issues, carrying out personal support interventions with the promotion of self-esteem, and presenting suggestions for behavioral changes in their routine. For most students (72%), the action plan proposed by the tutors was successful. Eight of the 14 (57%) students in the fourth year progressed to the final two years of in-hospital practical training (internship). CONCLUSIONS: The Academic Tutoring Program showed positive results for most of the students. Close monitoring and tutor intervention allowed students with poor academic performance to overcome the low performance cycle. These important tasks demand time and energy from tutors, and institutional recognition of these professionals is essential for the successful maintenance of the program.


Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Medical , Peer Group , Schools, Medical , Teaching , Brazil
4.
J. bras. nefrol ; 39(4): 447-453, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893789

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: New classification for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis has been proposed in the literature. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical, biochemical, etiology and renal biopsy findings of these patients grouped by immunofluorescence as proposed by the new classification. Methods: Patients with renal biopsy-proven membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis unrelated to systemic lupus erythematosus, diagnosed between 1999 and 2014. The patients were divided according to immunofluorescence: Immunoglobulin positive group, C3 positive only and negative immunofluorescence group. Results: We evaluated 92 patients, the majority of which were in the immunoglobulin positive group. Infectious diseases, hepatitis C virus and schistosomiasis, were the most frequent etiology. A negative immunofluorescence group had more vascular involvement in renal biopsy compare with others groups. Conclusions: The only difference between the groups was higher vascular involvement in renal biopsy in negative immunofluorescence group. These new classification was satisfactory for the finding of etiology in one part of the cases.


Resumo Introdução: Uma nova classificação para glomerulonefrite membranoproliferativa foi proposta na literatura. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os achados clínicos, bioquímicos, etiológicos e da biópsia renal desses pacientes agrupados por imunofluorescência, conforme proposto pela nova classificação. Métodos: Pacientes com glomerulonefrite membranoproliferativa comprovada por biópsia renal, não relacionada ao lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, diagnosticados entre 1999 e 2014. Os pacientes foram divididos de acordo com a imunofluorescência: grupo positivo por imunoglobulina, grupo positivo por C3 apenas e grupo com imunofluorescência negativa. Resultados: avaliamos 92 pacientes, a maioria dos quais estava no grupo de imunoglobulina positiva. Doenças infecciosas, o vírus da hepatite C e a esquistossomose, foram as etiologias mais frequentes. Um grupo com imunofluorescência negativa apresentou maior comprometimento vascular na biópsia renal quando comparado com os outros grupos. Conclusões: a única diferença entre os grupos foi o maior envolvimento vascular na biópsia renal no grupo de imunofluorescência negativa. Esta nova classificação foi satisfatória para a descoberta de etiologia em uma parte dos casos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/diagnosis , Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/pathology , Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/classification , Retrospective Studies , Fluorescent Antibody Technique
5.
J. bras. nefrol ; 37(1): 121-126, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-744449

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Descrever quadro clínico-laboratorial de glomeruloesclerose segmentar e focal (GESF) subtipo colapsante em associação com infecção por parvovírus B19 (PVB19). Relato do caso: Paciente feminino, 37 anos, parda, iniciou quadro de faringoalgia e febre aferida com melhora parcial após penicilina. Com uma semana, observou redução de débito urinário e edema de membros inferiores. Tabagista, com histórico familiar e pessoal negativos para hipertensão, diabetes ou nefropatias. À admissão, apresentava-se com oliguria, hipertensão e edema, associados à anemia microcítica e hipocrômica hipoproliferativa, proteinúria nefrótica, hematúria microscópica e alteração da função renal. A investigação reumatológica e sorologias para hepatites e HIV foram negativas. Ultrassonografia de rins e vias urinárias sem alterações. PCR foi positivo para PVB19 em aspirado de medula óssea e sangue. A biópsia renal conclusiva de GESF subtipo colapsante. Ocorreu remissão espontânea com duas semanas do quadro. Em retorno ambulatorial, o PCR em sangue periférico foi negativo para PVB19, sugerindo associação de GESF colapsante a fase aguda ou reativação da infecção viral. Conclusão : Este relato registra a associação temporal entre GESF colapsante e viremia pelo PVB19, seja por infecção aguda ou reativação de infecção latente. A associação GESF colapsante e PVB19 é descrita na literatura, com demonstração da presença do vírus em tecido renal, porém, a real relação do vírus na patogênese dessa glomerulopatia permanece indefinida. .


Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory profile of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) of the collapsing subtype in association with infection by parvovirus B19 (PVB19). Case report: Female patient, 37 years old, mulatto, developed pharyngalgia and fever with partial improvement after penicillin. After one week we observed reduced urinary output and lower limb edema. Smoker, family and personal history negative for hypertension, diabetes or kidney disease. Patient presented with olyguria, hypertension and edema, also hypochromic microcytic hypoproliferative anemia, nephritic range proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and renal dysfunction. All rheumatologic investigation, HIV and hepatitis serology were negative. Unremarkable renal ultrasound. PCR positive for PVB19 in bone marrow aspirate and blood and renal biopsy conclusive of collapsing FSGS subtype. Spontaneous remission occurred within two weeks of the profile. The blood PVB19 PCR was repeated within a month and resulted negative. This finding demonstrated PVB19 acute infection or viral reactivation in association with collapsing FSGS. Conclusion: There is demonstrated the temporal association of PVB19 viremia and collapsing FSGS, due primary infection or viral reactivation. The association of collapsing FSGS and PVB19 is described in the literature, demonstrating virus presence in kidney tissue, but the real relationship of virus in the pathogenesis of this glomerulopathy remains unclear. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/classification , Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/virology , Parvoviridae Infections/complications , Parvovirus B19, Human
6.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 54(3): 231-233, May-Jun/2014. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-714809

ABSTRACT

A polimiosite é uma miopatia inflamatória idiopática sistêmica que, além da manifestação muscular, pode eventualmente cursar com acometimento respiratório, do trato gastrintestinal e, raramente, renal. Neste último caso, há descrição de apenas dois casos de nefropatia por IgA em pacientes com miopatia, ambos em dermatomiosite. Em contrapartida, relatamos pela primeira vez esta rara associação em polimiosite.


Polymyositis is a systemic and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that, besides muscle manifestation, may occur with respiratory involvement, gastrointestinal tract and rarely renal involvement. In this latter, there are only two cases of IgA nephropathy, but both in dermatomyositis. On the other hand, we reported, for the first time, a case of IgA nephropathy in polymyositis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Glomerulonephritis, IGA/complications , Polymyositis/complications , Glomerulonephritis, IGA/diagnosis , Polymyositis/diagnosis
7.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 56(1): 85-88, Jan-Feb/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702064

ABSTRACT

Renal histology results are very scarce in dengue-associated rhabdomyolysis patients developing acute kidney injury (AKI). We report a case of dengue fever-induced AKI associated to rhabdomyolysis with a renal biopsy showing acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and renal deposition of myoglobin. A 28-year-old patient who presented dengue fever (DF) complicated by severe AKI and rhabdomyolysis is described. The patient required hemodialysis for three weeks. A renal biopsy revealed ATN with positive staining for myoglobin in the renal tubuli. The patient was discharged with recovered renal function. In conclusion, this case report described a biopsy proven ATN associated to DF-induced rhabdomyolysis, in which renal deposition of myoglobin was demonstrated. We suggest that serum creatine phosphokinase should be monitored in DF patients to allow for an early diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis and the institution of renal protective measures.


Resultados de histologia renal são muito escassos em pacientes com rabdomiólise e injúria renal aguda (IRA) associada a dengue. Descrevemos caso de dengue complicado por rabdomiólise e IRA no qual a biópsia renal mostrou necrose tubular aguda (NTA) e deposição renal de mioglobina. Paciente de 28 anos que apresentou dengue complicado por IRA grave e rabdomiólise é descrito. Ele necessitou de diálise por três semanas. A biópsia renal mostrou NTA, com imunohistoquímica fortemente positiva para mioglobina nos túbulos renais. O paciente recebeu alta com recuperação da função renal. Em conclusão, descrevemos caso de dengue complicado por IRA e rabdomiólise, em que a biópsia renal mostrou NTA e deposição de mioglobina. Sugerimos que creatinofosfoquinase deve ser monitorizada em pacientes com dengue para permitir o diagnóstico precoce de rabdomiólise e a instituição de medidas protetoras para o rim.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Dengue/complications , Kidney Tubules/pathology , Rhabdomyolysis/etiology , Acute Kidney Injury/pathology , Biopsy , Necrosis
8.
J. bras. nefrol ; 35(3): 237-241, jul.-set. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-687826

ABSTRACT

Síndrome Hemolítico Urêmica atípica (SHUa), isto é, não associada à Escherichia coli, produtora de Shiga toxina, é vista em 5% a 10% dos casos de Síndrome Hemolítico Urêmica (SHU), podendo ocorrer em qualquer idade e ser esporádica ou familiar. O prognóstico nestes casos é reservado, com alta mortalidade e morbidade na fase aguda da doença, e cerca de 50% dos casos podem evoluir para doença renal crônica terminal. O aumento do conhecimento da patôgenese da SHUa (hiperativação da via alternativa do complemento) foi acompanhado pelo surgimento de uma droga, eculizumab, a qual age como inibidor da via final do complemento. Nosso objetivo é relatar um caso de lactente com SHUa que apresentou excelente resposta clínica e laboratorial com o uso de eculizumab. Lactente, 14 meses de idade, sexo masculino, previamente hígido, apresentou quadro de anemia e plaquetopenia aos 12 meses de idade. Foi tratado com corticoterapia e encaminhado ao nosso serviço por hipertensão arterial. Entretanto, os exames demonstraram acometimento renal com proteinúria nefrótica e hipoalbuminemia, com Coombs direto negativo. Evoluiu com anemia, plaquetopenia, piora de função renal e hipertensão. Realizada biópsia renal que mostrou microangiopatia trombótica (MAT). Diante do quadro de anemia não hemolítica, plaquetopenia e insuficiência renal aguda com substrato histológico de MAT, foi feito diagnóstico de SHUa. O paciente recebeu eculizumab, com excelente resposta clínico-laboratorial. Este caso denota a importância de diagnóstico e tratamento precoces nesta entidade grave que é a SHUa. Eculizumab é eficaz e mantém remissão a longo prazo, evitando medidas invasivas como a plasmaferese, a qual resolve apenas parcialmente o quadro.


SHU atypical (aHUS), that is, not associated with Escherichia coli Shiga toxinproducing, is seen in 5 to 10% of cases of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), and can occur at any age and may be sporadic or familial. The prognosis in these cases is reserved, with high mortality and morbidity in the acute phase of the disease, and about 50% of cases can develop chronic kidney disease. The increased knowledge of the pathogenesis of aHUS (overactivation of the alternative pathway of complement), was accompanied by the appearance of a drug, eculizumab, which acts as an inhibitor of membrane attack complex. Our goal is to report a case of infant with aHUS with excellent clinical and laboratory response with the use of eculizumab. 14 month old infant, previously healthy, male, presented anemia and thrombocytopenia at 12 months of age. He was treated with corticosteroids and forwarded to our service for high blood pressure. However, the scans showed nephrotic proteinuria with renal involvement and hypoalbuminemia with direct Coombs negative. He developed anemia, thrombocytopenia, worsening of renal function and hypertension. Renal biopsy showed thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). On the non-hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure with histological substrate MAT, was diagnosed of aHUS. The patient received eculizumab excellent clinical and laboratory response. This case shows the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of the aHUS. Eculizumab is effective and keeps long-term remission, avoiding invasive measures such as plasmapheresis, which resolves only part of the picture.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Male , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/drug therapy
9.
Clinics ; 68(4): 483-488, abr. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674237

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Prolonged warm ischemia time and increased intra-abdominal pressure caused by pneumoperitoneum during a laparoscopic donor nephrectomy could enhance renal ischemia reperfusion injury. For this reason, laparoscopic donor nephrectomy may be associated with a slower graft function recovery. However, an adequate protective response may balance the ischemia reperfusion damage. This study investigated whether laparoscopic donor nephrectomy modified the protective response of renal tissue during kidney transplantation. METHODS: Patients undergoing live renal transplantation were prospectively analyzed and divided into two groups based on the donor nephrectomy approach used: 1) the control group, recipients of open donor nephrectomy (n = 29), and 2) the study group, recipients of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (n = 26). Graft biopsies were obtained at two time points: T-1 = after warm ischemia time and T+1 = 45 minutes after kidney reperfusion. The samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the Bcl-2 and HO-1 proteins and by real-time polymerase chain reaction for the mRNA expression of Bcl-2, HO-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. RESULTS: The area under the curve for creatinine and delayed graft function were similar in both the laparoscopic and open groups. There was no difference in the protective gene expression between the laparoscopic donor nephrectomy and open donor nephrectomy groups. The protein expression of HO-1 and Bcl-2 were similar between the open and laparoscopic groups. Furthermore, the gene expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 correlated with the warm ischemia time in the open group (p = 0.047) and that of vascular endothelial growth factor with the area under the curve for creatinine in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: The postoperative renal function and protective factor expression were similar between laparoscopic ...


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Kidney Transplantation , Living Donors , Laparoscopy/methods , Nephrectomy/methods , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/methods , Creatinine/blood , Delayed Graft Function/physiopathology , Gene Expression , Heme Oxygenase-1/blood , Postoperative Period , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood , Warm Ischemia/methods
10.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 48(3): 211-215, jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-640745

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most frequent primary glomerulopathy in Brazil and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Pathogenesis is related to podocyte injury, which may be due to several factors including viruses, drugs, genetics and immunological factors. In 2004, the Columbia classification of FSGS identified five histological variants of the disease: collapsing (COL), usual (NOS), tip lesion (TIP), perihilar (PHI) and cellular variant (CEL). The objective of this study was to classify the FSGS biopsies in these morphological variants. METHODS: One hundred thirty-one cases of renal biopsies with primary FSGS diagnosis, which had been performed at a Brazilian reference center from 1996 to 2006, were classified according to the Columbia criteria. RESULTS: FSGS cases were distributed as follows: 38.2% NOS variant, 36.6% COL, 14.5% TIP, 6.9% PHI and 3.8% CEL. CONCLUSION: COL variant of FSGS seems to be more prevalent in Brazil in comparison with other centers worldwide, which may be related to environmental and socioeconomic factors.


INTRODUÇÃO: A glomerulosclerose segmentar e focal (GESF) é a glomerulopatia primária mais frequente no Brasil e sua incidência está aumentando em todo o mundo. Sua patogênese está relacionada com a lesão de podócitos, que pode ser devida a vários fatores, incluindo vírus, drogas, fatores genéticos e imunológicos. Em 2004, a classificação de Columbia GESF definiu cinco variantes histológicas da doença: colapsante (COL), usual (NOS), lesão apical (TIP), Peri-hilar (PHI) e variante celular (CEL). O objetivo deste estudo foi classificar as biópsias com diagnóstico de GESF nessas variantes morfológicas. MÉTODOS: Cento e trinta e um casos de biópsias renais com diagnóstico de GESF primária em um centro brasileiro de referência em nefrologia, no período de 1996 a 2006, foram classificados de acordo com os critérios de Columbia. RESULTADOS: Os casos se distribuíram da seguinte forma: 38,2% da variante de NOS; 36,6% de COL; 14,5% de TIP; 6,9% de PHI; 3,8% de CEL. CONCLUSÃO: A variante COL de GESF parece ser mais prevalente no Brasil do que em outros centros internacionais e isso pode ser reflexo de fatores socioeconômicos e ambientais.


Subject(s)
Biopsy/classification , Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/classification , Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/genetics , Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/pathology , Risk Factors
12.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 9(1)jan.-mar. 2011. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-583369

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the role of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in reducing the progression of renal fibrosis. Methods: adipose tissue-derived stem cells were isolated from C57Bl/6 mice and characterized by cytometry and differentiation. Renal fibrosis was established after unilateral clamping of the renal pedicle for 1 hour. Four hours after reperfusion, 2.105 adipose tissue-derived stem cells were administered intraperitoneally and the animals were followed for 24 hours during 6 weeks. In another experimental group, 2.105 adipose tissue-derived stem cells were administered only after 6 weeks of reperfusion, and they were euthanized and studied 4 weeks later. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, the animals treated with adipose tissue-derived stem cells displayed reduced renal and tubular dysfunction and an increase of the regenerative process. Renal expression of IL-6 and TNF mRNA were decreased in the animals treated with adipose tissue-derived stem cells, while the levels of IL-4, IL-10, and HO-1 were increased, despite the fact that adipose tissue-derived stem cells were not observed in the kidneys via SRY analysis. Results: In 6 weeks, the kidneys of non-treated animals decreased in size, and the kidneys of the animals treated with adipose tissue-derived stem cells remained at normal size and display less deposition of type 1 collagen and FSP-1. The renal protection observed in animals treated with adipose tissue-derived stem cells was followed by a drop in serum levels of TNF-alpha, KC, RANTES, and IL-1a. Treatment with adipose tissue-derived stem cells after 6 weeks, when the animals already displayed established fibrosis, demonstrated an improvement in functional parameters and less fibrosis analyzed by Picrosirius stain, as well as a reduction of the expression of type 1 collagen and vimentin mRNA.


Objetivo: Analisar o papel das células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo na redução da progressão da fibrose renal. Métodos: células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo foram isoladas de camundongos C57Bl/6 e caracterizadas por citometria e diferenciação. Fibrose renal foi instaurada após clampeamento unilateral do pedículo renal por 1 hora. Após 4 horas de reperfusão, 2.105 células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo foram administradas por via intraperitoneal, e os animais foram acompanhados por 24 horas e 6 semanas. Em outro grupo de experimentos, 2.105 células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo foram administradas somente após 6 semanas de reperfusão, e os animais foram sacrificados e estudados 4 semanas mais tarde. Após 24 horas da reperfusão, animais tratados com células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo apresentaram reduzida disfunção renal e tubular, além de aumento do processo regenerativo. Expressão renal de RNAm de IL-6 e TNF foi diminuída nos animais tratados com células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo, enquanto IL-4, IL-10 e HO-1 foram aumentadas, apesar de células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo não serem observadas nos rins por meio da análise SRY. Resultados: Em 6 semanas, os rins dos animais não tratados diminuíram; no entanto, os rins dos animais tratados com células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo permaneceram com o tamanho normal e apresentaram menor deposição de colágeno tipo 1 e FSP-1. Proteção renal observada em animais tratados com células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo foi seguida por redução nos níveis séricos de TNF-alfa, KC, RANTES e IL-1a. O tratamento com células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo após 6 semanas, quando os animais já apresentavam fibrose instalada, demonstrou melhora em parâmetros funcionais e menos fibrose, analisada pela coloração de Picrosirius, e redução da expressão de RNAm de colágeno tipo I e vimentina.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Fibrosis , Inflammation , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Renal Insufficiency , Reperfusion Injury
13.
Clinics ; 64(11): 1105-1112, Nov. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-532538

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the degree of vascular occlusion, vascular recanalization, and necrosis of the vascular wall caused by polyvinyl alcohol-covered polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) particles compared to trisacryl particles after renal embolization. METHODS: Seventy-nine female albino New Zealand rabbits underwent arterial catheterization of the right kidney. Thirty-three animals were embolized with trisacryl particles, thirty-one with PVAc particles, and fifteen were kept as controls. Four animals were excluded (three trisacryl and one PVAc) due to early death. Five subgroups of six animals were created. The animals in the different groups were sacrificed either 48 hours, 5 days, 10 days, 30 days, or 90 days after embolization. The control group was divided into subgroups of three animals each and kept for the same periods of time. The kidneys were dyed with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome and then examined using optical microscopy. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the degree of vascular occlusion caused by the trisacryl and the PVAc particles between the five-day and the ten-day groups. Additional differences were noted between the five-day and 48-hour groups in regard to the amount of necrosis. For both findings, the PVAc group members showed adequate tissue reaction (ischemia and volumetric reduction) and less recanalization than those treated with trisacryl. CONCLUSION: The use of PVAc as an embolization material exhibited an adequate tissue reaction (ischemia and volumetric reduction), more expressive vascular occlusion and necrosis, and less recanalization than the trisacryl material.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rabbits , Acrylic Resins/pharmacology , Embolization, Therapeutic/adverse effects , Gelatin/pharmacology , Polyvinyl Alcohol/pharmacology , Renal Artery , Acrylic Resins/adverse effects , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Gelatin/adverse effects , Kidney/pathology , Models, Animal , Necrosis , Polyvinyl Alcohol/adverse effects , Random Allocation , Renal Artery/drug effects , Renal Artery/pathology , Statistics, Nonparametric
14.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 7(3)set. 2009. graf, ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-530792

ABSTRACT

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to validate fluorescent quantum dots QD as a cell marker for tracking human mesenchymal stem cells in vivo, using a pre-clinical model of acute myocardium infarction. Methods: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and expanded in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells were labeled with QD 655. Myocardium infarction induction in pigs was performed by occluding the left descending coronary artery for 60 minutes, with a balloon catheter. One day after the myocardium infarction, intracoronary injection of mesenchymal stem cells was performed. One week after cell transplantation, the animals were killed; their hearts were removed and underwent histological examination Results: All the mesenchymal stem cells were labeled with QD 655. The labeling process did not affect viability, proliferation, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of the cells. Labeled mesenchymal stem cells were easily tracked in the histological sections of the infarcted area. Cells were observed with a frequency of two per section, while no cells were observed in the remote myocardium. Conclusion: These results indicate that QD 655 labeling is an efficient tool for tracking mesenchymal stem cells in vivo


Objetivo: Avaliar uma nova modalidade de marcação celular com quantum dots QD fluorescentes em células-tronco mesenquimais humanas (CTM), transplantadas em um modelo pré-clínico de infarto agudo do miocárdio. Métodos: CTM de cordão umbilical humano foram isoladas e expandidas in vitro. CTM foram marcadas passivamente com o nanocristal QD 655. A indução do infarto foi realizada pela cateterização e oclusão por 60 minutos da artéria coronária descendente anterior esquerda sob fluoroscopia. Um dia após o infarto, CTM foram transplantadas por via intracoronária. Uma semana após o transplante de CTM, os animais foram sacrificados e os corações removidos e analisados histologicamente. Resultados: Todas as CTM foram efetivamente marcadas com QD 655. A marcação não afetou a viabilidade, a taxa de proliferação e a capacidade de diferenciação em osteoblastos e adipócitos das células. CTM marcadas foram facilmente identificadas em cortes histológicos das áreas de infarto/borda de infarto com frequência média de duas células por corte histológico, enquanto que na região remota não foi detectada qualquer marcação. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que a marcação de CTM com QD 655 é eficiente para rastreamento de células mesenquimais in vivo

15.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 7(4)2009. graf, ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-541618

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of antibody-mediated rejection after the C4d and donor specific antibody detection was provided by Luminex in renal transplantation biopsies; to compare acute antibody-mediated rejection characteristics as related to acute cellular rejection; to evaluate the impact on the incidence of acute antibody mediated rejection after the utilization of cross match test by flux cytometry and the detection of pre-transplantation donor specific antibody in patients with previous history of exposition to alloantigens. Methods: One hundred twenty-four renal transplanted patients were evaluated through the detection of C4d in early biopsies of those presenting graft dysfunction and the detection of antibody against donor when C4d was positive. The acute antibody mediated rejection was treated by plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin. Results: The incidence of acute rejection was 18.8%, being the acute cellular rejection 14.9% and acute antibody mediated rejection 6.6%. When both were compared, the acute antibody-mediated rejection were earlier than the acute cellular rejection (12.5 versus 59.9 days, p = NS), being more frequent in female patients (75 versus 29%, p = 0.05), with deceased donors (75 versus 33%, p = 0.09), with higher dialysis time (87.7 versus 47.4, p = 0.03), greater number of transfusion episodes (4.6 versus 1.4, p = 0.02), greater panel reaction activity (28.0 versus 4.8, p = 0.03) and more frequently in re-transplanted patients (50 versus 5.6%, p = 0.02). Delayed graft function was more frequent in antibody mediated rejection (100 versus 50%, p = 0.02). All patients with acute cellular rejection reversed graft function after treatment, with 100% graft survival after one year. Among patients with acute antibody-mediated rejection, the treatment with plasmapheresis and immunoglobulin was efficient in reducing the titers of donor specific antibody (2605 versus 202 mfi, p < 0.001), but 3/8 of patients evolved to graft loss, making graft survival of 62.5% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The routine use of detecting C4d and donor specific antibody increased the incidence of acute rejection. Acute antibody-mediated rejection presented clinical profile and therapeutic response different from acute cellular rejection, identifying a worse prognosis as well as therapeutic success.


Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência da rejeição mediada por anticorpo depois de instituída a pesquisa de C4d em biópsias de rim transplantado e pesquisa de anticorpo específico de doador pelo Luminex; comparar as características da rejeição aguda mediada por anticorpo em relação à rejeição aguda celular; avaliar o impacto na incidência de rejeição aguda mediada por anticorpo após utilizar a prova cruzada por citometria de fluxo e pesquisa de anticorpo específico de doador pré-transplante em pacientes com histórico de exposição prévia à aloantígenos. Métodos: Foram avaliados 124 pacientes transplantados renais, com pesquisa de C4d em biópsias precoces em pacientes com disfunção do enxerto e pesquisa de anticorpo contra o doador quando o C4d foi positivo. A rejeição aguda mediada por anticorpo foi tratada com plasmaferese e imunoglobulina intravenosa. Resultados: Foi encontrada uma incidência de rejeição aguda de 18,8%, com frequência de episódios de rejeição aguda celular de 14,9% e de rejeição aguda mediada por anticorpo de 6.6%. Quando comparados com rejeição aguda celular, os episódios de rejeição aguda mediada por anticorpo foram mais precoces (12,5 versus 59,9 dias, p = NS), sendo mais frequentes em pacientes femininas (75% versus 29%, p = 0,05), com doadores falecidos (75% versus 33%, p = 0.09), com maior tempo de diálise (87,7 versus 47,4, p = 0,03), maior número de transfusões (4,6 versus 1,4, p = 0,02), maior atividade contra painel (28,0 versus 4,8, p = 0,03) e mais frequentemente retransplantados (50 versus 5,6%, p = 0,02). Função retardada do enxerto foi mais frequente nos pacientes com rejeição aguda mediada por anticorpo (100 versus 50%, p = 0,02). Todos os pacientes com rejeição aguda celular reverteram a função do enxerto após o tratamento, com sobrevida do enxerto, em um ano, de 100%. Entre os pacientes com rejeição aguda mediada por anticorpo, o tratamento com plasmaferese e imunoglobulina foi eficiente em reduzir os títulos de anticorpo específico de doador (2.605 versus 202 mpi, p < 0,001), mas 3/8 pacientes evoluíram para perda do enxerto, conferindo sobrevida do enxerto de 62,5% (p < 0,001). Conclusões: O uso rotineiro da pesquisa de C4d e anticorpo doador específico aumentou a incidência de rejeição aguda. A rejeição aguda mediada por anticorpo apresentou perfil clínico e resposta terapêutica diferentes da rejeição aguda celular, conferindo-lhe pior prognóstico e pior resposta terapêutica.

16.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 7(4)2009. graf, ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-541624

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the role of mesenchymal stem cells in fibrogenesis using a model of chronic renal insufficiency. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from tibias and femurs of Wistar-EPM rats. After three to five passages, the cells were submitted to phenotypic analyses and differentiation. Wistar rats were submitted to the 5/6 nephrectomy model, and 2.105 mesenchymal stem cells were administered intravenously to each rat every two weeks until the eighth week. Results: Sex-determining region Y was observed in female rats treated with stem cells. Serum and urine analyses showed improvement of functional parameters in mesenchymal stem cells treated animals, such as creatinine, serum urea, and proteinuria. Moreover, hemocrit analysis showed improvement of anemia in mesenchymal stem cells treated animals. Masson?s Trichromium and Picrosirius Red staining demonstrated reduced levels of fibrosis in mesenchymal stem cells treated in animals. These results were corroborated by reduced vimentin, collagen I, TGFbeta, FSP-1, MCP-1 and Smad3 mRNA expression. Renal IL-6 and TNFalfa mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased after mesenchymal stem cells treatment, while IL-4 and IL-10 expression were increased. Serum expression of IL-1alfa, IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-gama, TNF-alfa, and IL-10 was decreased in mesenchymal cell-treated animals. Conclusions: Altogether, these results suggest that mesenchymal stem cells therapy can indeed modulate the inflammatory response that follows the initial phase of a chronic renal lesion. The immunosuppresive and remodeling properties of the mesenchymal stem cells may be involved in the improved fibrotic outcome.


Objetivo: Investigar o papel das células-tronco mesenquimais na fibrogênese utilizando um modelo de insuficiência renal crônica. Métodos: As células-tronco mesenquimais foram obtidas de tíbias e fêmures de ratos Wistar-EPM. Após três a cinco passagens, as células foram submetidas a análises fenotípicas e diferenciação. Ratas Wistar foram submetidas ao modelo de nefrectomia, 5/6 e 2.105 células-tronco mesenquimais foram administradas por via intravenosa a cada duas semanas, até a oitava semana. Resultados: A expressão do gene SRY (sex-determining region Y) foi observada em ratas tratadas com células-tronco oriundas dos machos. Soro e análises de urina mostraram melhora dos parâmetros funcionais nos animais tratados, como redução dos níveis de creatinina, ureia sérica e proteinúria. Além disso, o hematócrito mostrou melhora da anemia nos animais tratados com células-tronco mesenquimais. Tricrômico de Masson e Picrosirius Red demonstraram níveis reduzidos de fibrose nos animais tratados com células-tronco mesenquimais. Esses resultados se correlacionam com a expressão reduzida do RNAm de vimentina, colágeno I, TGF?, FSP-1, MCP-1 e Smad3. Níveis do RNAm de IL-6 e TNFa diminuíram significativamente após o tratamento com células-tronco mesenquimais, enquanto a IL-4 e IL-10 se apresentaram maiores após tratamento. A expressão sérica de IL-1alfa, IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-gama, TNF-alfa e IL-10 se apresentaram diminuídas nos animais tratados. Conclusões: Em conjunto, esses resultados sugerem que a terapia com células-tronco mesenquimais pode, efetivamente, modular a resposta inflamatória que se segue à fase inicial de uma lesão renal crônica. Os papéis imunossupressores e remodeladores das células-tronco mesenquimais podem estar envolvidos na melhoria do resultado de fibrose.

17.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 44(4): 293-304, ago. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-504212

ABSTRACT

O transplante renal alcançou expressivos e crescentes índices de sucesso desde sua implantação, constituindo atualmente uma terapia substitutiva de larga escala. É cada vez mais freqüente o encontro de biópsias de enxerto renal na rotina dos laboratórios de patologia, cujos achados são os mais variados. Este artigo resulta da experiência dos membros do Clube do Rim (da Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia) e apresenta um panorama geral da patologia do transplante renal, enfatizando a atual classificação de Banff, com suas principais categorias e entidades de diagnóstico problemático.


Renal transplant has reached remarkable and growing rates of success since its introduction; nowadays it is a widely used replacement therapy. Renal allograft biopsies are increasingly more frequent in the routine of pathology laboratories, whose histological findings are varied. This paper results from the expertise of the members of the Kidney Club of Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia, and presents a general overview of renal allograft pathology, focusing on the current Banff classification, its main categories and cases of difficult diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy , Graft Rejection/classification , Graft Rejection/diagnosis , Graft Rejection/pathology , Kidney Transplantation/pathology
18.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 6(4): 481-484, 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-510096

ABSTRACT

A incidência de infecção pelo citomegalovirus (CMV) vem aumentandonos últimos anos devido ao uso de imunossupressores mais potentes,como o tacrolimus e o micofenolato. Isso se aplica ao período logo apóso transplante, quando o regime imunossupressor é mais intenso. Outrosfatores de risco para infecção por CMV incluem o uso de anticorpos monoclonais ou policlonais para tratamento de indução ou de rejeição aguda, além de sorologia para CMV do doador (D) e do receptor (R). No presente trabalho, relatou-se um caso de infecção invasiva por CMV no parênquima do enxerto pancreático de um paciente submetido aotransplante simultâneo de pâncreas e rim. Na ocasião do diagnósticoda infecção por CMV, o paciente apresentava outras complicaçõesclínicas relacionadas ao transplante, como infecção bacteriana efúngica, além de fístula entérica. A ocorrência de infecção invasiva porCMV no enxerto pancreático é um evento raro, mas deve ser suspeitadaquando os pacientes apresentam risco elevado para esta infecção ouquando há várias complicações clínicas e cirúrgicas.


Subject(s)
Cytomegalovirus Infections , Kidney Transplantation , Pancreas Transplantation
19.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 6(3): 311-322, 2008.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-516943

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: A rejeição aguda mediada por anticorpos requer tratamento específico e tem impacto na sobrevida do enxerto. Os objetivos foram: relatar a incidência de rejeição aguda mediada por anticorpos após o transplante de pâncreas, e descrever os dados demográficos, os desfechos e o padrão de distribuição do C4d, além da correlação com exames laboratoriais. Métodos: Microscopia óptica, imunofluorescência para C4d e pesquisa de anticorpos antidoadores por Luminex®, em 31 biópsias renais em 17 pacientes (mediana 87 dias) e 34 biópsias pancreáticas em 22 pacientes (mediana 192 dias), de agosto de 2006 a agosto de 2008. Foram realizados os testes de χ2, t de Student, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e regressão logística (p < 0.05). Rresultados: Um total de 47% das rejeições pancreáticas foi humoral: cinco agudas; duas subclínicas e uma silenciosa. O tratamento anterior e posterior da rejeição aguda (n = 17, 65% das biópsias): amilasúria 1271.3  ± 1214.1 versus 1966.5 ± 1423 U/h (p = 0.004); amilase 188.4 ± 87.9 versus 102.3 ± 47.2 U/l (p < 0.0001) e lipase 1219.1 ± 594.4 versus 419.3 ± 207.3 U/l (p < 0.0001), respectivamente. Houve correlação do diagnóstico da rejeição aguda pancreática com a amilase(p = 0.02) e a lipase (p = 0.018) e correlação entre si destes exames (p = 0.0013, r2 = 0.49). Ao todo, 27.3% das rejeições agudas renais foram humorais: uma aguda, uma subclínica e uma silenciosa. Não houve correlação da sobrevida dos enxertos com o C4d (padrão difuso: > 60% das biópsias). Cconclusões: A incidência de rejeição mediada por anticorpos é elevada em enxertos pancreáticos, de modo que o C4d deve ser rotineiramente pesquisado. Os exames laboratoriais são ferramentas úteis para o diagnóstico e seguimento do tratamento da rejeição aguda.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Graft Rejection , Isoantibodies , Pancreas Transplantation
20.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 31(3): 291-295, set.-dez. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-477749

ABSTRACT

Criou-se um espaço na internet para a discussão de casos clínicos no website da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia (http://www.sbn.org.br). O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o funcionamento deste espaço virtual e os aprimoramentos gerados após sua implantação, em setembro de 2001. Atualmente, 62 casos já foram divulgados e diagnosticados. Todos estão arquivados neste espaço para consulta sem cadastro prévio. A internet mostrou-se também um ambiente propício à discussão anatomoclínica, uma vez que permite a participação de profissionais de centros distantes e sem condição local para este tipo de atividade, tão importante para o contínuo aprendizado da Medicina.


An environment was built on the Internet for discussing clinical cases on the website of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (http://www.sbn.org.br). The aim of this work is to present the operation of this system and the improvements made since its introduction in September 2001. Up to the present moment, 62 cases have been published and diagnosed. All of them are stored in the website for consultation without any previous registration. The Internet also proved to be a promising environment for clinical-pathological discussion for allowing the participation of professionals from distant centers and without local conditions for this kind of activity of great importance for continuing education in Medicine.


Subject(s)
Humans , Case Reports , Diagnosis , Education, Continuing , Education, Medical , Internet , Communications Media , Nephrology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL